Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Using SLC-149: Support for a Noncatalytic Function of CAIX in Breast Cancer

J Med Chem. 2021 Feb 11;64(3):1713-1724. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02077. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is considered a target for therapeutic intervention in solid tumors. In this study, the efficacy of the inhibitor, 4-(3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (SLC-149), is evaluated on CAIX and a CAIX-mimic. We show that SLC-149 is a better inhibitor than acetazolamide against CAIX. Binding of SLC-149 thermally stabilizes CAIX-mimic at lower concentrations compared to that of CAII. Structural examinations of SLC-149 bound to CAIX-mimic and CAII explain binding preferences. In cell culture, SLC-149 is a more effective inhibitor of CAIX activity in a triple-negative breast cancer cell line than previously studied sulfonamide inhibitors. SLC-149 is also a better inhibitor of activity in cells expressing CAIX versus CAXII. However, SLC-149 has little effect on cytotoxicity, and high concentrations are required to inhibit cell growth, migration, and invasion. These data support the hypothesis that CAIX activity, shown to be important in regulating extracellular pH, does not underlie its ability to control cell growth.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase II / metabolism
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement / drug effects
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Models, Molecular
  • Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
  • Carbonic Anhydrase II
  • Carbonic Anhydrase IX